TRADISIONALIS-PURITAN DALAM POLEMIK KEAGAMAAN DI JAWA: Studi Terhadap Tāj al-Muslimīn karya KH. Misbah Mustofa

Muhammad Yunus; Muhammad Asif; Nehru Millat; Abdul Rosyid Minhaj

doi:10.47454/alitqan.v11i1.1165

Authors

Muhammad Yunus Politeknik Negeri Malang
Muhammad Asif STAI Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang
Nehru Millat STIK Kendal
Abdul Rosyid Minhaj STAI Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47454/alitqan.v11i1.1165

Keywords:

Tradisionalist-puritan, Misbah Mustofa, Tāj al-Muslimīn, Religious Polemic in Indonesia

Abstract

The discourse on religious polemics between modernist and traditionalist Muslims in Java has received more attention sociologically-anthropologically as well as in the discourse on Islamic thought in general. This study will investigate the religious polemic in the tafsir genre work, Tāj al-Muslimīn by KH. Misbah Mustofa (1919-1994), an interpreter who intensely involved himself in the discourse. Using critical discourse analysis, this study underlines that the Qur’anic exegesis was written in the midst of a fairly intense debate between modernists vis a vis traditionalist in the late 20th century in Java. The study also found that despite his traditional Javanese Muslim background, Misbach Mustofa was not only critical of the claims brought by modernists on issues such as ahlussunnah wa al-jama'ah, ijtihad and taklid and grave pilgrimage, but to some extent also sometimes critical of religious traditions and practices among traditional Muslims themselves. This attitude, for example, is shown in looking at the practices of Sufism and tariqat that are considered excessive. Misbach also likes to refer to the works of Ibn Taymiyah and Rashid Rida, which usually tend to be shunned among traditional Muslims in Java. He not only polemized with modernist figures but also with his own colleagues in traditional Muslims. This study contributes to showing the dynamics of modernist and traditional polemics even within its own internal circle. Furthermore, this study proposes a new typology in the discourse between modernist and traditional Muslims in Indonesia, namely traditionalist-puritan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah Saeed. Interpreting The Qur`an Towards a Contemporary Approach. New York: Routledge, 2006.

Afriadi Putra, Abdul Mustaqim, etc. Tafsir Al-Qur`an Di Nusantara. Bantul: Lembaga Ladang Kata, 2020.

Ahmad Maimoen. “Tafsir Al-Qur’an Sebagai Kritik Sosial (Studi Terhadap Tafsir Tajul Muslimin Min Kalami Rabbi Al ‘Alamin Karya KH Misbah Mustafa.” Skripsi: PTIQ Jakarta, 2020.

Ahmad Zainal Abidin, Dkk. “Tafsir Gender Jawa: Telaah Tafsir Al-Iklil Fi Ma’ani Al-Tanzil Karya Misbah Mustafa.” Musawa 18, no. 1 (2019): 1–26.

Andree Feillard. NU Vis a Vis Negara ; Pencarian Isi, Bentuk Dan Makna. Yogyakarta: LkiS, 1999.

Asif, Muhammad. “Indonesian Traditional Ulama Notions Against Wahhabism: A Study of Abi Al-Faḍal Al-Senoriy’s Thought.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 26, no. 2 (2018): 365–390.

———. “Tafsir Dan Tradisi Pesantren: Karakteristik Tafsir Al-Ibris Karya Bisri Mustofa.” SUHUF Jurnal Pengkajian Al-Qur’an dan Budaya (2016).

Asif, Muhammad, and Muhammad Muafi Himam. “Propagating Puritan Islam in Surakarta: Reading the Biography of Abdullah Thufail Saputra.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society 04, no. 02 (2019).

Aunillah Reza Pratama. “Ideologi Puritan Dalam Tafsir Jawa Pesisir: Kajian Terhadap Penafsiran Misbah Musthofa.” Mutawatir: Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith 9, no. 2 (2019): 214–236.

Bruinessen, Martin Van. “Pesantren and Kitab Kuning : Maintenance and Continuation of a Tradition of Religious Learning.” In Texts from the Islands Oral and Written Traditions of Indonesia and the Malay World, edited by Wolfgang Marschall, 121–145. Berne: University of Berne, 1994.

———. “The 28th Congress of the Nahdatul Ulama : Power Struggle and Social Concerns.” Archipel 41 (1991): 185–200.

Clifford Geertz. The Religion of Java. New York: The Free Press of Glenco, 1960.

Dhofier, Zamakhsyari. Tradisi Pesantren, Studi Tentang Pandangan Hidup Kyai. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1982.

Djajat Burhanuddin. Ulama Dan Kekuasaan Pergumulan Elite Muslim Dalam Sejarah Indonesia. Jakarta: Mizan Publika, 2012.

El-Fadl Khaled Abou. The Great Theft Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. New York: Perfect Bound, 2005.

Fairclough, Norman. “Critical Discourse Analysis.” In The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis., 9–19, 2013.

Gusmian, Islah. “K.H. Misbah Ibn Zainul Musthafa (1916-1994 M): Pemikir Dan Penulis Teks Keagamaan Dari Pesantren.” Lektur Keagamaan 14, no. 1 (2016): 115–134.

———. “Tafsir Al-Qur’an Bahasa Jawa Peneguhan Identitas, Ideologi, Dan Politik.” SUHUF Jurnal Pengkajian Al-Qur’an dan Budaya 9, no. 1 (2016): 141–168.

Gusmian, Islah, and Mustaffa Abdullah. “Criticism of Social, Political, and Religious Problems in Indonesia: A Study On.” Journal of Al-Tamaddun 18, no. 1 (2023): 215–230.

Hasyim Asy’ari. Risalah Ahlu Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jama’ah. Jakarta: LTM PBNU, 2011.

Hosen, Nadirsyah. “When ‘back to the Qur’an and Hadith’ Is No Longer Enough: Radicalisation of Islamic Teaching in Indonesia.” In Islam, Education and Radicalism in Indonesia: Instructing Piety, edited by Tim Lindsey, 321–341. Taylor & Francis Group, 2023.

Ismail, Faisal. “Traditionalist Muslims and Modernist Muslims in Indonesia: Past and Present.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 51 (1993).

Isnan Ansory. Pro Kontra Tahlilan Dan Kenduri Kematian. Jakarta: Rumah Fiqih Publishing, 2019.

Majlis Tarjih Muhammadiyah. Himpunan Putusan Majlis Muhammadiyyah. Yogyakarta, n.d.

Meyer, Verena. “Grave Matters: Ambiguity, Modernism, and the Quest for Moderate Islam in Indonesia.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, no. July (2024): 160–179.

———. “Learning at Graves: The Living, the Dead, and Questions of Belonging in Islamic Java.” History and Anthropology (2025): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2025.2452450.

Millie, Julian. “The Situated Listener as Problem: ‘Modern’ and ‘Traditional’ Subjects in Muslim Indonesia.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 16, no. 3 (2013): 271–288.

Misbah Musthofa. Al-Nūru Al-Mubīn Fī Adābi Al-Muṣallīn. Tuban: Majelis Ta‘lif wa al Khattath, 1991.

———. Tāj Al-Muslimīn Min Kalāmi Rabb Al-‘Alamīn. Tuban: Majlis Taklīf wa al-Khaṭṭāṭ, 1990.

Muhammad Sayyid Ḥusain al-Dzahabī. Tafsīr Wa Al-Mufassirūn. Kairo: Maktabah wa Habbah, n.d.

Mustofa, Misbach. Al-Iklīl Fî Ma’ānī Al-Tanzīl. Surabaya: Al-Ihsan, n.d.

Noer, Delier. Modern Islam Di Indonesia 1900-1942. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1991.

Robikah, Siti, and Kuni Muyassaroh. “Lokalitas Tafsir Nusantara Dalam Kitab Taj Al-Muslimin Min Kalami Rabbi Al-Alamin.” Nun: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Tafsir di Nusantara 5, no. 2 (2020): 71–92.

Rohmana, Jajang A. “Ideologisasi Tafsir Lokal Berbahasa Sunda: Kepentingan Islam-Modernis Dalam Tafsir Nurul-Bajan Dan Ayat Suci Lenyepaneun.” Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies 2, no. 1 (2013): 125–154.

Rushd, Ibn. Bidāyah Al-Mujtahid Wa Al-Nihāyah Al-Muqtasid. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 2014.

Saifuddin Zuhri. Guruku Orang-Orang Dari Pesantren. Bandung: Al-Ma’arif, 1974.

Saleh, Fauzan. Teologi Pembaharuan: Pergeseran Wacana Islam Sunni Di Indonesia Abad XX. Jakarta: Serambi, 2004.

Saleh, Walid A. “Preliminary Remarks on the Historiography of Tafsīr in Arabic: A History of the Book Approach.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 12, no. 1–2 (2010): 6–40.

Steenbrink, Karel. “Muslim Puritans , Reformist Psychology in Southeast Asian Islam.” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (1980): 2–5.

Supriyanto. “Kajian Al-Qur’an Dalam Tradisi Pesantren: Telaah Atas Tafsir Al-Iklīl Fī Ma’ānī Al-Tanzīl.” Tsaqafah 12, no. 2 (2016): 281–298.

Supriyanto, Islah Gusmian, and Zaenal Muttaqin. “Cultural Integration in Tafsir Al-Iklil Fi Ma’ani Al-Tanzil by Misbah Mustafa within the Context of Javanese Islam.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-ilmu al-Qur’an dan Hadis 25, no. 2 (2024): 392–415.

Syamsuddin, Sahiron. Relasi Antara Tafsir Dan Realita Kehidupan. Yogyakarta: elSAQ Press, 2011.

Taufik, Imam. “As Sulh Inda As-Syaikh Misbach Bin Zayn Al-Musthafa Fi Kitabihi Al-Iklik Fi Ma’ani l-Tanzil : Dirasah an Ittijah at-Tafsir Al-Qur’an Fi Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 8, no. 2 (2014): 299–324.

Tim Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Islam Kementrian Agama RI. Ensiklopedia Islam Nusantara Edisi Budaya. Jakarta: Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam, 2018.