HUMAN CREATION IN THE QUR'AN: Ecofeminism Approach

Roma Wijaya

doi:10.47454/alitqan.v11i1.975

Authors

Roma Wijaya Ankara University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47454/alitqan.v11i1.975

Keywords:

Q.S. An-Nisa (4): 1, gender bias, interpretation, ecofeminism

Abstract

This study examines the interpretation of gender-related verses in the Qur'an through an ecofeminist framework. The primary focus is on Q.S. An-Nisa' (4):1, which has traditionally been interpreted by classical commentators in ways that reinforce patriarchal culture, often labeling women as the "Second Sex." This paper argues for a reinterpretation of gender-biased verses using an ecofeminist approach. This qualitative library research analyzes textual sources, including books and journals. It aims to answer two questions: how Q.S. 4:1 can be interpreted and how ecofeminist theory applies to its interpretation. The findings reveal that while Q.S. 4:1 has been traditionally linked to the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib, modern interpretations emphasize egalitarian principles, such as the rights of all individuals, including husbands, wives, and orphans. Ecofeminism provides an alternative lens by framing Q.S. 4:1 as a reflection of interconnectedness and mutual roles in human creation, affirming both gender equality and ecological harmony.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

’Abduh, Muhammad, and Rasyid Ridha. Al-Manar. Vol. 4. Kairo: Dar al-Manar, 1948.

’Asyur, Ibnu. Tafsir At-Tahrir Wa at-Tanwir. Vol. 4. Tunis: Dar At-Tunisiyyah, 1984.

Ali, Maulana Muhammad. Islam The Religion of Humanity. Edisi Revi. Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman-i-Ishaat-i-Islam, 1985.

———. The Holy Qur’an: Containing The Arabic Text With English Translation and Commentary. II. Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman-i-Ishaat-i-Islam, 1920.

———. The Religion Of Islam: A Comprehensive Discussion of The Sources, Principles, and Practice of Islam. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd, 1936.

Andika, Mayola. “Reinterpretasi Ayat Gender Dalam Memahami Relasi Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan (Sebuah Kajian Kontekstual Dalam Penafsiran).” Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 17, no. 2 (2018): 137–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2018.172.137-152.

Azra, Aryumardi. Perempuan Dalam Transformasi Sejarah Islam. Jakarta: t.t, 1999.

Baghawi, Muhammad bin Husain bin Mas’ud. Ma’alimut Tanzil Li Tafsir Al-Baghawi. Vol. 2. Riyadh: Daaru Thayyibah, 1989.

Baidhowi, Nashiruddin Abil Khoir. Anwarut Tanzil Wa Asrarut Ta’wil Bi Tafsiril Baidhowi. Vol. 2. Istanbul: Maktabah al-Hakikat, 1998.

Barlas, Asma. Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2002.

———. Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an. Revised. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2019.

Basri, Halimah. “Penciptaan Wanita.” Yin Yang 5, no. 1 (2010): 168–98. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618081515id_/http://ejournal.iainpurwokerto.ac.id:80/index.php/yinyang/article/viewFile/266/235.

Birkeland, Janis. “Ecofeminism: Linking Theory and Practice.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature, edited by Greta Gaard. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.

Bryson, Valerie. Feminist Political Theory: A Introduction. London: Macmillan, 1992.

Fahimah, Siti. “Ekofeminisme: Teori Dan Gerakan.” Alamtara : Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam 1, no. 1 (2017): 6–19. http://ejournal.iai-tabah.ac.id/index.php/alamtaraok/article/view/220.

Gaard, Greta. Critical Ecofeminism. Maryland: Lexington Books, 2017.

Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Vol. 2. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional PTE LTD Singapura, 1989.

Hanafi, H. “Teologi Penciptaan Perempuan:Rekonstruksi Penafsiran Menuju Kesetaraan Gender.” Buana Gender 1, no. 2 (2016): 143–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22515/bg.v1i2.408.

Höing, Anja. The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminis. The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature, 2022.

Hunga, Arianti Ina Restiani, and Anita Dhewy. “Perempuan Dalam Pandemi Covid-19: Kerentanan, Resiliensi, Dan Relevansi Kehadiran Negara (Studi Kasus Komunitas Perempuan Tenun Dan Batik).” In EKOFEMINISME V: Pandemi Covid-19, Resilensi, Dan Regenerasi Kapitalisme, edited by Dewi Candraningrum, Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga, and Anita Dhewy, 1–31. Salatiga: Parahita Press, 2020.

Irsyadunnas, Irsyadunnas. “Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Gender Ala Amina Wadud Perspektif Hermeneutika Gadamer.” Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 14, no. 2 (2015): 123. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2015.142.123-142.

Mahalli, Jalaluddin, and Jalaludin Suyuthi. Tafsir Al-Jalalain Al-Maysir. Beirut: Maktabah Libanon Nasyirun, 2003.

Matswah, A. “Reinterpretasi Ayat-Ayat Tentang Relasi Gender Dalam Keluarga.” Suhuf 7, no. 2 (2014): 303–28. https://www.academia.edu/download/58839615/Artikel_Akrimi_Jurnal_Suhuf_Vol_7_2014.pdf.

Megawangi, Ratna. “Perkembangan Teori Feminisme Masa Kini Dan Mendatang Serta Kaitannya Dengan Pemikiran Keislaman.” Jurnal Tarjih Dan Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam 1, no. 1 (1996): 12–21. https://jurnal.tarjih.or.id/index.php/tarjih/article/view/10%0Ahttp://jurnaltarjih.or.id/index.php/tarjih/article/view/10.

Mies, Maria, and Vandana Shiva. Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books, 1993.

Mulia, Siti Musdah. Islam Dan Inspirasi Kesetaraan Gender. Yogyakarta: Kobar Press, 2007.

Odih, Pamela. Watersheds in Marxist Ecofeminism. British Library. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.

Qurthubi, Abi ’Abdullah Muhammad. Al-Jami’ul Ahkam Al-Qur’an. Beirut: Ar-Risalah, 2006.

Rohmatul Izzad. “Konsep Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Islam.” AL ITQAN: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an 4, no. 1 (2018): 29–52. https://doi.org/10.47454/itqan.v4i1.678.

Ruether, Rosemary Radford. “Ecofeminism: Symbolic and Social Connections of the Oppression of Women and the Domination of Nature.” In Ecofeminism and the Sacred, edited by Carol J Adams. New York: Continuum, 1995.

Saleh, Muhamad. “Penciptaan Hawa Dalam Al-Qur’an (Sebuah Basis Argumen Kesetaraan Gender).” Institute PTIQ Jakarta. Institute PTIQ Jakarta, 2018.

Salleh, Ariel. Ecofeminsm As Politics: Nature, Marx, and The Postmodern. Second. London: Zed Books, 2017.

Siregar, Parluhutan. “Peran Teori Qirāʾāt Dalam Memahami Ayat-Ayat Relasi Gender.” RUSYDIAH: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 1, no. 1 (2020): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.35961/rsd.v1i1.131.

Sulaiman, Muqatil bin. Tafsir Muqatil Bin Sulaiman. Vol. 1. Beirut: Muassasah at-Tarikh al-’Arabi, 2002.

Surya, Mintaraga Eman. “Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Gender Dalam Al-Qur’an Dengan Pendekatan Ekofeminisme: Kritik Terhadap Tafsir Feminisme Liberal.” MUWAZAH 6, no. 1 (2014): 55–75. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v6i1.9078

Sya’rani, Afifur Rochman. “Hermeneutic Reading Of Qur’anic Exegesis:A Comparison of Amina Wadud’s and Mohammed Talbi’s Interpretations of Q.4: 34.” Suhuf 9, no. 2 (2016): 193–214. https://jurnalsuhuf.kemenag.go.id/suhuf/article/view/155/138.

Taufiq, Muhammad Izzuddin. Dalil Anfus: Al-Qur’an Dan Embriologi (Ayat-Ayat Tentang Penciptaan Manusia). Edited by Ch Al-Qois and Fiedha ’L Hasyim. Translated by Muhammad Arifin, Muhammad Masnur Hamzah, and Abdul Hafidz Kindi. Solo: Tiga Serangkai, 2006.

Thabari, Abi Ja’far Muhammad bin Jarir. Ja’miul Bayan ’an Ta’wil Al-Qur’an Li Tafsir Ath-Thabari. Vol. 7. Kairo: Maktabah Ibn Taimiyah, n.d.

Vakoch, Douglas A. Ecofeminism in Dialogue. Maryland: Lexington Books, 2018.

Wadud, Amina. Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Wartini, Atik. “Tafsir Feminis M. Quraish Shihab: Telaah Ayat-Ayat Gender Dalam Tafsir Al-Misbah.” Palastren 6, no. 2 (2013): 473–94. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v6i2.995.

Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Zahratu At-Tafasir. Kairo: Dar Al-Fikr ’Arabi, n.d.

Zulaiha, Eni. “Analisa Gender Dan Prinsip Prinsip Penafsiran Husein Muhammad Pada Ayat-Ayat Relasi Gender.” Al-Bayan: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al- Qur’an Dan Tafsir 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-bayan.v3i1.3125.